Some nouns remain the same in both singular and plural forms. Ox-oxen, mouse-mice, person-people, die-dice, child-childrenġ3. Some singular nouns change significantly when they are made plural. Tooth-teeth foot-feet goose-geese woman-women man-menġ2. Some singular nouns change vowels to become plural, like ‘oo’ is changed to ‘ee’ and ‘an’ is changed to ‘en’. If a singular noun ends in -ix or -ex, then replace them with -ces or -xesĪppendix-appendices OR appendixes, index-indices OR indexes, vortex-vortices OR vortexesġ1. If a singular nouns ends in -um, then replace -um with -aīacterium-bacteria, curriculum-curricula (OR curriculums), datum-data, stratum-strata, memorandum-memorandaġ0. If a singular noun ends in -on, then replace -on with -aĩ. Thesis-theses ellipsis-ellipses analysis-analyses crisis-crises axis-axesĨ. If a singular noun ends in -is, then replace -is with -es If a singular noun ends in -us, then replace -us with -i OR add -esįocus-foci OR focuses, cactus-cacti OR cactuses, radius-radii OR radiuses, fungus-fungi, alumnus-alumni, nucleus-nuclei, octopus-octopi OR octopuses, hippopotamus-hippopotami OR hippopotamusesħ. Ray-rays chimney-chimneys toy-toys buy-buysĦ. If a singular noun ends in -y and the letter prior to -y is a vowel (a,e,i,o,u), then just add -s. Puppy-puppies city-cities pony-ponies community-communitiesĥ. If a singular noun ends in -y and the letter prior to -y is a consonant, then replace the -y with -ies. Note: Few exceptions are chef-chefs roof-roofs chief-chiefs belief-beliefs proof-proofsĤ. Wolf-wolves calf-calves leaf-leaves knife-knives wife-wives life-lives If a singular noun ends in -f or -fe, then replace -f or -fe with -ves. Note: Few exceptions of words ending with -o are piano-pianos photo-photos halo-halos zero-zeros volcano-volcanos (volcanoes is also correct) cello-cellos (celli is also correct).ģ. Note: For some singular nouns ending in -s or -z, first repeat the -s or -z, and then add -es. If a singular noun ends in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -o, -x, or -z, just add -es:īus-buses, class-classes, truss-trusses, dish-dishes, marsh-marshes, bench-benches, lunch-lunches, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, box-boxes, tax-taxes, buzz-buzzes, blitz-blitzes For most singular nouns, just add -s to make them plural.īook-books, pen-pens, cup-cups, house-houses, axe-axes.Ģ. Few patterns for making singular nouns to plural nouns:ġ. These irregular plural nouns have to be memorised by constant practice of reading, writing, listening and speaking. Nouns that do not become plural by adding -s or -es, are known as Irregular plural nouns. Nouns that become plural by adding the inflectional endings -s or -es, are known as Regular plural nouns. For example, eat is changed to eating, which is present tense or walk is changed to walked, which is past tense. The inflectional endings -ing and -ed, change the tense of the word. The inflectional endings -s and -es change the number of the word, for example the singular noun cat is changed to the plural noun cats by adding the inflectional ending s. Inflectional endings include -s, -es, -ing, -ed. Base words have meaning and can stand alone, for example, home, cat, box, et cetera. Most nouns in the English language become plural by adding the inflectional endings -s or – es.Īn inflectional ending is a part of the word that is added to the end of a base word, in order to change the number or tense of a base word. Singular signifies one and Plural signifies more than one.
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